Malnutrition and types of Malnutrition

Malnutrition - What is it?
Malnutrition is when your body is lacking nutrition. The symptoms of malnutrition vary due to the fact that there are different types of malnutrition.

Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor (the disease of the displaced child) which refers to a deficiency of protein usually found in children living in poverty. Symptoms include a swollen abdomen, diarrhea, failure to gain weight, vitiligo, and irritability. Kwashiorkor can be treated by giving the patient carbohydrates and proceeding to slowly introduce protein into the child's diet.
Source: Silver back academic media's year 9 sciPAD

Beriberi
Beriberi (also known as thiamine deficiency) is when your body hasn't had enough B-1 vitamins. There are two types of beriberi, wet beriberi, and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects your circulatory system, heart, and in extreme causes heart failure. Symptom includes waking up short breath, swollen lower legs, shortness of breath during physical activity, and rapid heart rate. Dry beriberi affects the nerves and possibly lead to a decrease in muscle strength, this can lead to muscle paralysis. Symptoms include decreased muscle function, pain, difficulty speaking, involuntary eye movement, paralysis, vomiting, mental confusion, and tingling or loss of feeling in feet and hands. Beriberi is treated with thiamine supplements prescribed by a doctor. Preventing beriberi is fairly simple, making sure you're eating a balanced diet and limiting your alcohol consumption.
Source: www.healthline.com

Goiter
Goiters are the enlargement of the thyroid which is located below your Adam's apple. A common cause of goiter is lack of iodine in your diet or over/underproduction of thyroid hormones. Goiters isn't life-threatening but it can cause irritation and constant coughing. Symptoms include swelling in the neck area, tight feeling in your throat, hoarseness, coughing, difficulty swallowing and difficulty breathing. Treatments vary depending on size, smaller goiters will be approached with a wait and see method while larger ones will be seen with medication. If your goiter is causing quite a bit of irritation and has amassed to quite a large size, you may go into surgery. Another treatment that is used very rarely is radioactive iodine but this treatment could cause an underactive thyroid gland. To prevent attaining goiters you simply need to make sure you're having enough iodine but not too much.
Source: www.mayoclinic.org

Goiters

Marasmus
Maramus is a severe form of malnutrition of vitamins and is commonly found in children living in poverty. Symptoms of marasmus is a loss of muscle mass, subcutaneous fat (a layer of fat under the skin), dry skin, brittle hair, chronic diarrhea, respiratory infections, intellectual disability, and stunted growth. Marasmus is life threating and treatment is a slow process, usually beginning with skim milk powder mixed with boiling water. Slowly vegetable oils will be added and the child will eventually be introduced to a balanced diet.     Source: www.healthline.com

Credit: My Mobil Doc

Scurvy

Scurvy is cause by a lack of vitamin C in the body and can happen to anyone. There are many symptoms throughout the stages of scurvy and because of this I'll only list ones that occur 1 - 3 months. The reason is because these symptoms are much more easier to notice rather than something that could occur for any reason. So, anyway symptoms include anamia (when the blood lacks red blood cells), gingivitis (red, soft, and tender gums that bleed easily), bleeding under the skin, bruise-like bumps around hair follicles with hairs (usually on shins) that appear cork screwed and break easily, tooth decay, tender swollen joints,  shortness of breath, chest pains, eye dryness, reduced wound healing, light sensitivity, blurred vision, mood swings, gastrointestinal bleeding, and headaches. Treatment varies but people taking treatment for scurvy recover fairly quickly. 

   

Flight of the conchords is really good band A+ great band

Keeping up with the Tudors: One of the craziest families in history

Safety gear in the metal room

In the metal room at school there are a variety of hazards. Safety gear can lessen the dangers of these hazards but it's important to know what type of safety gear to use for what situation.

               Overalls

Complete Overalls

Bib Overalls

There are two types of overalls you can wear; Bibs and complete overalls. Bibs only cover the legs and torso while a complete overall covers your whole body, arms included. Complete overalls are best to use for activities such as wielding.

Gloves

There is only one type of safety gloves in metal and that's wielding gloves. These gloves are heavy duty and protect your hands from getting burns. Of course there is a downside; the more heavy duty the glove the harder it is to hold hot items.

Wielding gloves

Ear protection

In metal it can get loud. This could cause damage to the ear and/or the noise can get very annoying. There are three ways to block this sound out. Neckband earmuffs are best for when you're wearing a hard hat or can't find comfortable banded earmuffs. Banded earmuffs are the most common type of earmuffs and work for most things. Earplugs are best for short periods of loud work and are disposable.

Left to right: Banded ear muffs, earplugs, neckband earmuffs

Eye protection

Eye protection is able to be used anytime in the workshop. Eye protection equipment is there to protect your eyes from debris landing in your eyes. Debris can come from almost anything, that's why it's important to wear eye protections especially around drills. The three ways your can protect your eyes are with safety glasses, which are best used around drills and for general use, safety goggles, best use is around grinders and drills for long periods of time, and a face shield, best use is around quickly turning machines and protect the whole face.

left to right: glasses, mask, and goggles

Head protection

We don't use head protection in the workshop often but on construction sites your meant to wear them constantly, especially if there are items above you that could possibly fall.

Hard hat

Respiration

Respiration mask

Dust mask

Respiration is used to prevent toxic fumes from entering your lungs. The two types of masks we use are dust masks and respirators. Dust masks are used for when there is minimal dust and shouldn't be used when there's the chance of toxic fumes. If you are doing something that does involve toxic fumes use a respirator instead. Respirators filter out toxic fumes and our used for things such as painting and wielding.

Boots

Pull on boots

Lace ups

When in a workshop such as the metal workshop it's a requirement that you wear the correct shoes. These are usually shoes that are leather and/or steel tipped. Pull on boots are good for short periods of work and are usually best for general work. Lace-up boots are also good for general work but are slightly more durable and are best for long periods of time.

Wielding goggles and masks 

When wielding you wear complete overalls but you also wear goggles and masks specifically made for wielding. You don't usually wear both a mask and goggles but each one does have it perks. Goggles are less clumsy then a mask and are able to be worn along with other parts of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). Masks on the other hand protect the whole face including eyes. In the end they both do their job well.

Left: Mask, Right: Goggles

Nancy Wake

1. Describe her: Badass, dangerous, sneaky, clever, powerful
2. Nazi: Referring to a person who’s either works for Hitler’s Nazi party or someone who believes in extreme racism. Gestapo: Referring to members of WWII German secret police. Storm-troopers: 1) Widely known as a soldier under the command of the galactic empire. 2) Specialist soldier working under Nazi Germany. Sabotage: In which you do something that prevents someone from completing something or referring to a sneak attack. Resistance: in which an organization goes against a higher power system. Refugees: Referring to a group of people who were forced to leave their country due to war, prosecution, or a natural disaster.
3. Maquis? It says that she “Led an army of 7’000 Maquis in guerrilla warfare…”
4. There are literal pictures of her with medals

5. Nancy Wake: A biography of our greatest war hero - Peter FitzSimons

The rights of consumers and responsibility of producers

What is a fair trading act?
- The fair trading act gives us, the consumer, the right to good quality products. It also puts responsibility on producers to meet these requirements. Things such as quality products, refunds, no false advertisements, and product safety (*cough* Samsung *cough*). The fair trade act protects and enforces these rights.

What is the commerce commission's goal?
- The commerce commission is here to make sure that the fair trading act is followed by producers. They enforce the rules and allow consumers to make complaints if they feel their rights are being violated. Things such as incorrect warning labels, non-accurate information, and non even playing fields in marketing among other things.

Who besides the commission is responsible for the act and can take their own legal action?
- Us, the consumers, are also responsible for making sure that we know are rights and know where we can go to enforce them. If we see a business that is not meeting these standards than we our allowed to take our own legal action and/or report them to the commission.

Who are the two groups that this act applies to?
- This act affects two types of people; consumers (us) and producers (companies). It applies to us as we are consumers and we deserve the right to good products. Producers must follow these rules and they must come through.

Ok well then what do the acts apply to?
- these acts apply to everyone, both online and physical stores. Some online stores may be exceptions from this act such as second hand sites (trade me, free cycle, etc), but even then they have a responsibility to make sure people are being honest with what they're selling.

Does this apply if you intend to deceive?
- This means that if you brought a shirt and took it home, ripped it, and then brought it back asking for a refund would this act apply to it? Well, every company has a different return policy. Some say you can not return open packaging while others say you can return products as long as you have a receipt. This means it depends on the company and, if you were to enforce this act, proof that it was faulty before you brought it.

Whose 'shoes' must the producers put their feet in?
- The produces must put their feet in those if the consumers. It's as if they have to produce a product that even they would want to buy. They must imagine how someone would react if they were to get a faulty product.

What is the commission empowered to do?
- Commission is able to investigate the company and the complaints from consumers about that company. Unfortunately they are unable to investigate all the complaints and only investigate those that could harm New Zealanders. After investigating the company and reporting or charging the company for not following the fair trade act.

What do I do if I need to report a business?
- Reporting a business is simple. just go to the comcom.govt.nz/consumers and go down to make a complainant. There are also many other ways to report a business which is talked about more on the website.

Know your rights

In New Zealand it's important to know your rights as a consumer. Without knowing your rights you are vulnerable to companies who could give you faulty products and cheat you. By knowing these rights you'll be able to identify faulty products, know how to enforce the fair trade act, and be able to report businesses. It can also help you make wise decisions when choosing where and how to buy goods and services. 

Apple cinnamon muffins

Last week in home economics we made apple cinnamon muffins and they actually cooked (kinda).

Spiced apple muffins

2 cups flour
3 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 cup granulated sugar
1 cup chopped peeled apple
1 egg, lightly beaten
1 cup milk
1/3 cup melted butter
2 tablespoons brown sugar
1/4 teaspoon cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon nutmeg

Directions:
1 Pre-heat oven to 180 degrees
2 Mix together flour, baking powder, salt and sugar.
3 Mix in apple, cover completely.
4 Add egg, milk, and butter.
5 Pour 3/4 full into greased muffin tins.
6 Mix topping together and sprinkle over unbaked muffins.
7 Bake for 15-20 minutes or until brown.
8 Eat them.

Reflection

I Thinks that this recipe went really well, I did however accidentally cut the apples a little to large which meant we had to cook them for longer. In the end they were delicious and I think we worked well as a team this lesson.

Our theory work

This week we learnt how to convert measurements which was very useful. 

Here is the conversion chart I used

We also had to find a recipe online and edit it to suit 2 people and then 10 people. I did this recipe which I've done before and can confirm this is a really good recipe to have. (Italian herbs are mentioned twice cause one's for the rice and ones for the chicken.)